D. Supplements of Animal and Marine Origin
Supply different amino acids
1. Tankage
- by-product of meat processing industry (50 - 60% CP). Processed under presure2. Meat Scrap
- more acceptable than tankage (45-55% CP) does not contain gut, tendons, or connective tissue3. Blood Meal
-Very high in CP with high escape value (ruminants) Low palitability4. Fish Meal
- over 90% in the U.S. is Menhaden (fat fish from Atlantic=>used for oil)- excellent quality, Ca, P, B vitamins - escape value!!
5. Feather Meal
- high escape value for ruminants
- Low in HIS, LYS, MET, TRP
6. Milk Products
- Very expensive- dairy calves
- starter diets (swine)
E. Miscellaneous Protein Sources
1. Animal Wastes
Broiler Litter (will discuss later!!)
COMMON FEEDSTUFFS
(Roughages)
I. General
A. Seeded Pastures
1) bahiagrass 3) orchardgrass 5) ryegrass 7) tall fescue
2) bermudagrass 4) reed canarygrass 6) smooth bromegrass
B. Native Pastures
receive <20 in. of rainfall annually, developed by natural selection, have exsisted for many years
II. Grasses
A. Warm-Season
1.
2.
bermudagrass - common or hybrids; hay harvested at 4-6 wk intervals, close grazing3.
crabgrass - weed, annual, high quality, very responsive to N4.
dallisgrass - clay & loam soils, better quality than bermuda, avoid seed head production (fungus)5.
johnsongrass - weed, excellent hay, drought tolerent, continuous grazing???6.
pearl millet - annual, pasture or silage, large stem, short season, very productive7.
switchgrass - ?? -not as good as most, graze close- energy - (alternative energy source - alcohol = fuel)
B. Cool-Season
1.
2.
orchardgrass - requires higher fertility than fescue, not tolerent to overgrazing3.
ryegrass & small grains- very suitable in southest
- not recommended when feeding high grain diet
III. Legumes
Advantages: fix N; palatable; high in CP and Ca
Disadvantages: bloat; stand loss; costly
A. Alfalfa
- grown extensively in the west and midwest
- very high quality
- not tolerent to continuous grazing
B. Clovers
- red (pinkish to violet heads) = short lived ~2 years
- white = cool season, with fescue not bermuda or bahia
- ladino = primarily grazing, not good hay
- crimson = annual, grazing (long, red head)
- sweet = grows almost anywhere, contains coumarin (anti vit. K)
C. Bird’s-Foot Trefoil
- non-bloating, short lived- will not compete with bermuda & bahia
D. Lespedeza
- developed for the south (heat tolerent)Annual - quality forage in late summer
Perennial - Sericea - tannin problem