D)  Substitution Method:  Formulate a balanced ration for a steer with the following requirements:

DM Intake                  CP                   TDN                Ca                     P
--------------------------------------lbs/day-----------------------------------------
17.5                             2.1                   13.74               .091                 .046

Use the following Ingredients:

	CP, %	TDN, %	Ca, %	P, %
Corn	8.8	78.0	0.02	0.30
Hay	7.0	51.0	0.73	0.28
Pnut Meal	49.2	74.1	0.18	0.52

(Note: When balancing from a problem the first three steps for formulation are to get 1) Nutrient composition of ingredients to be used;  2) Determine Dry matter intake;  3) Determine nutrient requirements.

4)  Air Dry Intake *** DO NOT forget to do this ***
DM Intake = 17.5 = 19.4 lbs/day
       .9          .9

5)  Balance for energy first:
X = lbs Corn         19.4 - X = lbs hay
.780(X) + .51(19.4 - X) = 13.74
.780(X) + 9.89 - .51(X) = 13.74
.270(X) = 3.846
       X = 14.24
          19.4 - X = 5.16
6 & 7)  Determine the nutrients provided and Compare to the requirement:

6)	Feed, lb	CP, lb	TDN, lb	Ca, lb	P, lb
Corn	14.24	1.25	11.11	0.003	0.043
Hay	5.16	0.36	2.63	0.038	0.014
7) TOTAL		1.61	13.74	0.041	0.057
Req.		2.1	13.74	0.091	0.046
Bal. ?		-0.49	0	-0.050	0.011

8)  Balance the Protein.  Substitute protein source (peanut meal) for the ingredient most like it in energy content (corn).
if add 1 lb peanut meal get .492 lb CP
if take out 1 lb corn lose  -.088 lb CP
       Net result = .404 lb CP

9)  Need .49 lb CP                  = 1.21 lb of substitution.  Add 1.21 lb peanut meal and take out 1.21 lb corn
Net Sub  .404 lb CP/lb Sub                                                     14.24 lb corn - 1.21 lb corn = 13.03 lb corn

10 & 11)  Determine the nutrients provided and Compare to the requirement:

10)	Feed, lb	CP, lb	TDN, lb	Ca, lb	P, lb
Corn	13.03	1.15	10.16	0.003	0.039
Hay	5.16	0.36	2.63	0.038	0.014
Pnut meal	1.21	0.60	0.90	0.002	0.006
11) TOTAL		2.1	13.69	0.043	0.059
Req.		2.1	13.74	0.091	0.046
Bal. ?		0	-0.05	-0.048	0.013

12)  Supplement minerals as needed
NOTE:  if Ca is deficient then use limestone
if P is deficient then use phosphoric acid
if both deficient then use dicalcium phosphate

Ca is only mineral deficient so use limestone:
Need  .048 lb Ca                  = .13 lb limestone
Get   .37 lb Ca/lb limestone

13)  Final Ration
13.03 lbs Corn
5.16 lbs Hay
1.21 lbs peanut meal
0.13 lbs limestone