III. Feeding Systems
A. Simplified VS Complex Ration
1. Swine diets can be more simplified because of ease of preparation
2. Corn & SBM + minerals + vitamins č to a more complex ration
3. Large operations may use complex rations because of least-cost
B. Complete Dirt (Self-Fed) VS Free Choice
1. Complete self-fed diet provides better control of nutrient intake than free choice and results in faster gains
C. Limit Feeding
1. Discussed in breeding herd section
2. Not really suitable for growing-finishing pigs
D. Liquid Feeding (2-3 part water : 1 part DM)
1. No real benefits, may increase palatability for young pigs
E. Pelleting
1. Advantages for the complete diet
a) decrease feed wastage
b) less storage space required
c) better control of nutrient intake
d) improved palatability
e) increased intake
2. Increased cost
F. High Moisture Corn
1. Pig will usually consume the HMC and under-consume the supplement č inbalanced diet
2. A complete or mixed diet using HMC cannot be stored in an aerobic self feeder
G. Whole Soybeans trypsin inhibitor decreasing protein degradation; heating denatures it.
1. If cooked may be suitable for gestating/lactating sows, - but not grower finisher pigs
2. Whole SB have more fat (energy) - ~19%
3. but less protein (37%) need to balance for CP
IV. Miscellaneous
A. Synthetic Amino Acids
1. Pig really requires amino acids & not protein per se.
2. When SBM gets expensive, interest in alternatives
a) Supplement LYS and reduce protein req. by 2%
b) if protein is reduced by 3% the 2nd AA becomes limiting
(1) THR in corn/SBM
(2) TRP in milo/SBM
c) Future will be determined by prices
B. Dietary Interactions
1. Amino acid supplementation
2. Corn & raw soybeans (corn - 77%; SB - 20%)
a) Add LYS, THR, & TRP (.2-.1%)
b) = corn/SBM (82%/16%)
c) New variety without trypsin inhibitor
Formulate a ration for a 20 kg pig using corn & SBM:
1) Requirements
|
A-D intake (g/d) |
LYS (g/d) |
THR (g/d) |
DE (kcal/d) |
Ca (g/d) |
P (g/d) |
|
1425 |
11.65 |
7.2 |
4845 |
9.0 |
7.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2) Feedstuff Nutrient Composition
|
|
LYS, % |
THR, % |
DE, kcal/kg |
Ca, % |
P, % |
|
Corn |
0.3 |
0.3 |
3492 |
0.02 |
0.29 |
|
SBM |
2.8 |
1.8 |
3483 |
0.26 |
0.62 |
3) Leave 3% for minerals and Lysine
1425 X .03 = 42.75 ===> 1425 - 42.75 = 1382.25
4) Balance for THR
X = g corn
1382.25 - X = g SBM
5)
.003(X) + .018(1382.25 - X) = 7.2
.003X + 24.88 - .018X = 7.2
-.015X = -17.68
X = 1178.7 corn
1328.25 - X = 203.6 SBM
|
|
LYS |
THR |
DE |
Ca |
P |
|
|
3.54 |
3.54 |
4116 |
.24 |
3.42 |
|
|
5.70 |
3.66 |
709 |
.53 |
1.26 |
|
Total |
9.24 |
7.2 |
4825 |
.77 |
4.68 |
|
Req. |
11.65 |
7.2 |
4845 |
9.0 |
7.6 |
|
|
-2.41 |
√ |
√ |
-8.23 |
-2.92 |
6) Add 2.4 g Lysine
7) need 2.92 g P / .18538 = 15.75 g Dical X .21811 = 3.44 g Ca
8) 8.23 - 3.44 = 4.79 g Ca still needed
9) 4.79 / .3711 = 12.92 g limestone
10) Final Ration:
|
|
1190.3 |
|
LYS |
THR |
DE |
Ca |
P |
|
+11.6 |
|
corn |
3.58 |
3.58 |
4171 |
.24 |
3.46 |
|
|
203.6 |
SBM |
5.7 |
3.66 |
709 |
.53 |
1.26 |
|
|
2.4 |
lysine |
2.4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
15.75 |
dical |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3.44 |
2.92 |
|
|
12.92 |
lime. |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4.79 |
0 |
|
Total |
1413.4 |
|
11.68 |
7.24 |
4880 |
9.0 |
7.6 |
|
Need |
1425 |
|
11.65 |
7.2 |
4845 |
9.0 |
7.6 |
|
|
-11.6 |
|
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
√ |
therefore add 11.6 g corn