4. Oat Milling
- Separated into groats and hulls
5. Barley Milling and Malting
- milling is similar to others; malting = wetted & germinated under strict conditions (minimize loss) à dried to stop growth à used in brewing industryC. Other High-Energy Feeds
1. Sprouted Grains
- adverse moisture during harvesting - unsuitable for milling
- factors to consider:
(a) possible presence of molds
(b) moisture content ($/#)
(c) storage problems
2. Whole Cottonseed
- very high energy (~95% TDN) also 24% CP
- to mature ruminants only (gossypol)
- lactating dairy cattle (4 to 7 #/cow/day - especially in hot weather)
- Beef cattle
- weaned calves <4 #/hd/day
- yearlings <6 #/hd/day
- mature cows up to 7 #/day
Feeding to male ruminants, gossypol is an inhibitor of spermatogenesis, all cotton is not created equal (seeds more concentrated than hulls)
3. Fats & Oils
- 2.25 X as much energy as carbohydrates
- most vegetable oils are used for human consumption ($ for livestock)
- reasons for using fats:
(a) increase caloric density
(b) control dust
(c) decrease wear & tear on equipment
(d) increase pelleting ease
(e) increase palatability
(f) uniform mix (decrease settling out)
(g) increase digestibility
4. Molasses
- most from sugar cane industry (also beet, citrus, & wood)- very palatable
- decrease dustiness
- binder for pelleting
- good carrier (urea)
- current research
5. Roots & Tubers
(roots = carrots & beets; tubers = penuts & potatoes)- mostly by-products
- used in limited amounts because of high-moisture
II. Proteinaceous Concentrates
A. General
1.
2.
When feeding high grain ratios to swine or poultry - 4 specific amino acids are of primary concern- Lysine
- Tryptophan
- Threonine
- Methionine