4. Lactation

a) Demands of milk production must be met

b) Added fat (6-8%) 10-15% is optimal - but feed deteriorates and feed is sticky (use 0-10 day prior to and 0-21 day after farrowing)

Benefits	Considerations
- fat content of colostrums	- expensive
- concentration of pigs liver glycogen	- little effect on liter size at birth, birth wts., or weaning wts.
- slight in piglet carcass fat at birth	(survivability??)
- improves baby pig survival

II. Market Pigs Protein is the most important nutrient for swine rations, the key is proper amino acid balance. Limiting amino acids in typical diets include LYS, TRP, THR, MET

Limiting Amino Acids in common feedstuffs

	1^st	2^nd
Corn	LYS	TRP
High-lys-corn	TRP	LYS
Barley	LYS	MET
Wheat	LYS	THR
Sorghum	LYS	THR
SBM	MET&CYS	THR
Corn/SBM	LYS	THR (MET)

1. Prestarter fed to early weaned pigs (prior to 3 wk.) To fortify the diet of pigs not receiving enough milk

2. Starter

a) 3^rd to 6^th week of age; should be used as a creep ration

b) 18-20% CP

c) contains ~10-20% dried whey to enhance digestible carbohydrate

d) at least ½ of the grain should be corn, & add appropriate antibiotic

3. Grower-Finisher

a) grower - (14-16% CP) usually fed from 40-120 lb.

b) finisher - (12-14% CP) 120 lb. to market

III. Feeding Systems

A. Simplified VS Complex Ration

1. Swine diets can be more simplified because of ease of preparation

2. Corn & SBM + minerals + vitamins è to a more complex ration

3. Large operations may use complex rations because of least-cost

B. Complete Dirt (Self-Fed) VS Free Choice

1. Complete self-fed diet provides better control of nutrient intake than free choice and results in faster gains

C. Limit Feeding

1. Discussed in breeding herd section

2. Not really suitable for growing-finishing pigs

D. Liquid Feeding (2-3 part water : 1 part DM)

1. No real benefits, may increase palatability for young pigs

E. Pelleting

1. Advantages for the complete diet

a) decrease feed wastage

b) less storage space required

c) better control of nutrient intake

d) improved palatability

e) increased intake

2. Increased cost

F. High Moisture Corn

1. Pig will usually consume the HMC and under-consume the supplement è inbalanced diet

2. A complete or mixed diet using HMC cannot be stored in an aerobic self feeder

G. Whole Soybeans trypsin inhibitor decreasing protein degradation; heating denatures it.

1. If cooked may be suitable for gestating/lactating sows, - but not grower finisher pigs

2. Whole SB have more fat (energy) - ~19%

3. but less protein (37%)  need to balance for CP

IV. Miscellaneous

A. Synthetic Amino Acids

1. Pig really requires amino acids & not protein per se.

2. When SBM gets expensive, interest in alternatives

a) Supplement LYS and reduce protein req. by 2%

b) if protein is reduced by 3% the 2^nd AA becomes limiting

(1) THR in corn/SBM

(2) TRP in milo/SBM

c) Future will be determined by prices

B. Dietary Interactions

1. Amino acid supplementation

2. Corn & raw soybeans (corn - 77%; SB - 20%)

a) Add LYS, THR, & TRP (.2-.1%)

b) = corn/SBM (82%/16%)

c) New variety without trypsin inhibitor