Definitions
Nutrition
= the series of chemical, biochemical, & physiological processes which transform food elements into body tissues and activities = any chemical substance that can be used and is necessary for the maintenance, production and health of animalsDigestion
= the combination of mechanical, chemical and enzymatic processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) that prepares ingested material for absorption by reducing particle size and increasing solubilityAbsorption
= the passage or movement of the end products of digestion (nutrients) through the wall of the GI tract to the general circulation (blood)Distribution
= movement of nutrients from the absorptive sites to the various cells in the body via blood streamMetabolism
= sum of all physical and chemical processes by which living, organized substance is produced and maintainedAnabolism
= any constructive process by which simple substances are converted by living cells to more complex compoundsCatabolism
= any destructive process by which complex substances are converted by living cells to more simple compoundsExcretion
= the removal from the body of unusable materials and waste products of metabolism
Feedstuff
= any material of natural or synthetic origin, fed to animals for the purpose of sustaining them (may or may not contain all the nutrients required by the animal)Natural
= corn, wheat, barley, oatsNatural processed
= SBM, Alfalfa meal, wheat bran, corn gluten feedSynthetic
= crystalline amino acids (methionine, lysine HCl), vitamins (Vit. B12, thiamine HCl)Diet
= a combination of feedstuffs used to supply nourishment to the animalRation
= the amount of a diet consumed by an animal in a 24-hr. period
Example: Mix a ton of feed |
||
1844# |
Corn |
92.2% (Energy) |
140# |
SBM |
7% (Protein) |
2# |
Vitamin Premix |
.1% |
14# |
Mineral Premix |
.7% |
2000# |
|
|
The steer is given 5 kg/day of the diet Þ This is the steers ration, or daily allowance |
Supplement
= feed or feed mixture used with another feed or feed mixture to improve the nutritive balance of a diet and the performance of an animal (protein, vitamin, mineral)Concentrate
= feedstuff which supplies nutrients high in energy and contains less than 18% crude fiber (SBM, corn, wheat)Roughage
= a feedstuff containing more than 18% crude fiber (fescue, straw, corn silage, bermudagrass hay)