1. ­ phosporylation of glucose

2. ­ glycogen synthesis

3. ­ production of NADPH

4. ­ glycolysis

5. ¯ gluconeogensis

6. ­ FA synthesis

7. ­ triglyceride synthesis

8. Packaging of triglycerides into VLDL

9. ­ protein synthesis

10. degradation of surplus AA

1. ­ glucose transport and phosphorylation

2. ­ glycolysis

3. ­ NADPH

4. ­ FA synthesis

5. ­ triglyceride synthesis

Amino Acid Metabolism Not metabolized by adipose tissue

1. ­ glucose transport and phosphorylation

2. ­ glycolysis & TCA (Krebs)

3. ­ glycogen synthesis

Fat Metabolism minor importance as energy substrate due to high glucose

4. ­ uptake of AA

5. ­ protein synthesis

1. Brain uses glucose exclusively for energy

Fat Metabolism FA can not cross the blood-brain barrier

Amino Acid Metabolism Certain AA function as neurotransmitters

1. ­ glycogen degradation

2. ­ gluconeogensis

3. ­ b -oxidation of FA derived from adipose tissue

4. ­ synthesis of ketone bodies

5. ­ uptake of AA for gluconeogenesis

Carbohydrate Metabolism Glucose transport into adipose tissue is inhibited

1. ­ degradation of triglycerides

2. ­ release of triglyceride derived FA into blood

3. Glycerol backbone is used as a gluconeogenic precursor by the liver

Amino Acid Metabolism AA not metabolized by adipose tissue

Carbohydrate Metabolism Glucose transport into muscle cell is inhibited

1. Use of FA from adipose tissue & ketones from liver as energy sources during early starvation

2. Use of FA as energy source during prolonged starvation. Spares ketone bodies so they can be used by brain

3. Rapid breakdown of muscle protein during first few days of starvation

4. AA are used by liver for gluconeogenesis

1. Brain uses glucose from gluconeogenesis during early starvation

2. Brain uses ketones during prolonged starvation