1. Azoturia (tying-up, carding-up) (Mon. Morning sickness)
    1. Symptoms

                                                               i.      excessive sweating & rapid pulse

                                                             ii.      stifness in gait

                                                            iii.      myoglobinuria (dark-urine) coffee (CPK, Alk-P)

    1. Etiology

                                                               i.      unknown

                                                             ii.      related to total feed energy

    1. Prevention

                                                               i.      exercies routinely

                                                             ii.      reduce feed when idle

    1. Treatment

                                                               i.      keep as quiet as possible

                                                             ii.      Se-Vit. E appear to give favorable results

                                                            iii.      ?? (current research)

 

  1. Heaves
    1. Symptoms

                                                               i.      coughing & difficult breathing

                                                             ii.      rapid inspiration and forced expiration

    1. Etiology

                                                               i.      dusty, moldy hays

                                                             ii.      overdistended alveoli

    1. Prevention

                                                               i.      good, clean feed

    1. Treatment

                                                               i.      treatment is palliative

 

  1. Rickets
    1. Symptoms

                                                               i.      enlargement of the ends of the long bones

    1. Etiology

                                                               i.      Ca, P and/or Vit. D imbalance

    1. Prevention & Treatment

                                                               i.      proper amounts of Ca and P

 

  1. Urinary Calculi (water belly)
    1. Symptoms

                                                               i.      frequent attempts to urinate

                                                             ii.      urine may be bloody

    1. Etiology

                                                               i.      unkown

                                                             ii.      urine is characteristically alkaline

    1. Prevention

                                                               i.      proper mineral nutrition

    1. Treatment

                                                               i.      severe cases, surgery

 

FEEDING DOGS & CATS

I.                    General

A.     Plenty of high quality , commercially produced diets are available

B.     Variation in the size of dogs make it extremely difficult to make accurate recommendations

C.     Dogs & cats are carnivores (order Carnivora)

1.      In the wild cats are strict carnivore

2.      Dogs are more omnivorous

3.      Both can utilize vegetable and cereal products when processed and used in proper combinations

II.                 Water

A.     Clean water should always be provided except when:

1.      Profuse vomiting is occurring

2.      Waking up from general anesthesia

B.     Water may be drunk, or present in the food

1.      When consuming canned food, pets may not drink as much water

C.     A Resting dog or cat (no temperature/humidity, lactation, growth or disease stress)  ie. maintenance requires approximately 1 mL water per kcal of ME in the diet per day

D.     Volunteer water intake is usually 2 to 3 times the amount of DM consumed

1.      Dogs meet 25% of water requirements form drinking

2.      Cats meet 10% of their requirements from drinking water

E.      Increase in water requirement:

1.      Marked increase in water requirement can result from exercise, fever, diarrhea, increased salt intake, diabetes.

2.      During lactation, hot weather, or severe exertion, water intake may reach 5 times the DM intake

F.      Decrease Water intake:  May result from:

1.      water being too hot or cold

2.      poor availability

3.      poor quality